"Nothing and Something Create Each Other"

Although it takes countless forms, mass, light, heat, or x-rays, all are ultimately just energy. Be it a rock or a bolt of lightning, both are the same stuff, a form of energy. What a mass or a form of energy is defined as is relative and depends on the observer. 

It is the scale that creates the reality. 

If we were at the level of an atom inside of the rock, we’d see countless energetic particles moving near the speed of light. If we pull back, it’s just a motionless, dead rock. 

What makes it a mass is not inherent but rather where we observe it from. But in truth, liquid, solid or gas, light or electricity, it’s just the same stuff as the rest of the universe: energy. 

Expressed in a more relativistic fashion, light (photons) is the same thing as electricity (electrons). It’s only “light” because we can see it. 

That is, we the observers, “create” light energy. 

An original handwritten letter from Albert Einstein with the E=mc2 equation sold for $1.2 million at RR Auctions in Boston in 2021

The most famous equation in history centers around this core principle. The Photoelectric Effect was first discovered by Albert Einstein in 1905. Einstein won a Nobel Prize in Physics for The Photoelectric Effect, yet ironically enough, his most famous and important work, The General Theory of Relativity was passed over by the Nobel committee. However, The Photoelectric Effect is an integral component of Relativity. 

Before Relativity, Einstein proposed that all energy regardless of type is the same. To illustrate this, he correctly predicted that when light strikes a metal, that metal will release electricity because energy is interchangeable.

Light (photons) can infuse metal atoms with more energy than they can contain, forcing them to release electricity (electrons). He called this The Photoelectric Effect.

This phenomenon ultimately became the technology in digital cameras, solar cells, and most likely in the screen that you’re reading this on. 

When we first observed that Reverse Respiration killed algae more quickly in the dark, we finally understood how Reverse Respiration acts as an algicide. We used Einstein’s Photoelectric Effect to demonstrate how Reverse Respiration kills algae. 

Reverse Respiration kills algae by removing electrons from metals in the algae. As seen above, the metal most affected by Reverse Respiration is magnesium. However, it also destroys the potassium and calcium amongst other metals inherent to a common alga's chemistry. 

The “Lattice Energies” indicate the ability of each metal listed to enter into a chemical reaction. The greater this energy, the more likely a chemical reaction with that metal will occur. Of some metals commonly found in algae, magnesium followed by calcium are the most likely to form new compounds. This reaction can be catalyzed by a chemical reaction (such as the CO2 solution), electricity or light.

When we first observed that algae perished more quickly in darkness, we realized that light (photons) was interfering with this algicidal reaction. 

The reason this occurs has nothing to do with photosynthesis, however. This reaction is about 10,000X stronger than photosynthesis. 

Light degrades its algicidal power due to The Photoelectric Effect. In essence, if photons (light) are present, the energy required (electrons) to effect a chemical reaction may not all be taken from the algae, but rather from the light itself, sparing the algae to some degree. 

If Reverse Respiration is performed in total darkness, the only energy available for this reaction must come from the algae, killing it. 

This chart is from a well-known study performed in 1977 at the Department of Vegetable Crops at the University of California, Davis on the reaction of chlorophyll in various acidic conditions (and the cellular contents-testing performance in stagnant waters and other potentially acidic environments of many other plants). 

It became well known because perhaps, not inadvertently, they made one of the first Quantum Biology demonstrations ever--four years before it became a viable theory--although that was not their goal. 

What they found was most cell content that was denatured or in the process of being denatured, did so at 2X-4X the rate in darkness than in light.

"Destruction of chlorophyll, as determined by the loss in absorbance at 665 nm, occurred in two in vitro systems...The first system required light and O(2)...and approximately 80% of the chlorophyll was destroyed in three minutes. 

In the second system, chlorophyll destruction...in the dark...Destruction of chlorophyll in this system was much more rapid than in the light system with approximately 70% destruction occurring in two seconds."

As stated above, our original intent to keep the process in darkness was to prevent the plants from photosynthesizing and therefore creating oxygen when we're trying to asphyxiate the pests. This observation added a secondary import to performing Reverse Respiration in darkness:  that Reverse Respiration kills algae up to 40% more quickly in the dark.

The CO2 solution removes and converts the algae magnesium to a magnesium bicarbonate salt by stripping it from the algae and killing it. 

Eventually, once dried, the newly formed magnesium bicarbonate is unstable. It loses any remaining H2O and CO2 content, and ultimately manifests as a white powder residue in the evaporate--magnesium oxide--a common antacid. 

Here the results of basic water tests of distilled water at a neutral pH of 7 and the same water used to dissolve the evaporate from a Reverse Respiration session. The insoluble solids are filtered out to compare the chemistry of the solutions.

The brown coloration in the image of the evaporate above is the cell contents stripped from the algae (as well as general dirt that the effervescence ‘scrubs’ off of the plants), now dissolved in the water. The white powder, the magnesium carbonate precipitant (it becomes magnesium bicarbonate in water), dissolves in the fresh water, is clear and raises the pH and alkalinity. 

In the image of the water test strips, the rise in nitrate, nitrite and cyanuric acid are indicative of the brown, decaying organic matter from the algae and is relatively little. 

But the (magnesium) carbonate content is now quite literally, off the chart, as predicted by The Photoelectric Effect. 

The final image is a standard flame test of the precipitant solution with a white-colored flame indicating the element is largely magnesium.

For a deeper peer into the subatomic governing this amazing reaction, the entire study cited above is available for download in the PDF section at the end.

If you have less time--although the famous quantum theorist Schrödinger initiated the idea of Quantum Biology with his findings--that relatively new science (<40 years) was largely developed by the British physicist J. McFadden. He was kind enough to make popular videos explaining this phenomenon. They are low-budget productions, but the content is priceless:

Professor Johnjoe McFadden's "Does Biology Need Quantum Mechanics?" at Imperial College London's 2014